![]() Epidemiological data indicate that both genetic and environmental factors are involved in MS pathogenesis. MS is an autoimmune disease that causes myelin destruction in the central nervous system (CNS). Although cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the generation or attenuation of potentially pathogenic autoreactive T H cells remain unclear, the gut mucosa, the largest immune organ that interacts with the external environment, is a possible location for the generation of effector T cells that cause autoimmune responses 2, 3, 4 and regulatory T cells that prevent these responses 5, 6, 7.Ĭhanges in the gut environment can lead to alterations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of MS 2, 4, 7, 8. Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that an altered balance between pathogenic interleukin (IL)-17 + or interferon gamma (IFNγ) + helper T (T H) cells and immunoregulatory cells with anti-inflammatory potential and the subsequent breakdown of immune tolerance may underlie the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) 1. Thus, the gut environment favours the generation of autoreactive CD4 + T cells with unique regulatory functions, potentially important for preventing CNS autoimmunity. ![]() We also demonstrate the suppressive capability of CD4 + IELs with alternative antigen specificities, their proliferation in response to gut-derived antigens and contribution of the microbiota and dietary aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands to their induction. They constitutively express Ctla4 and Tgfb1 and markedly upregulate Lag3 expression in the CNS, thereby inhibiting inflammation. ![]() These cells express surface markers phenotypical of ‘induced’ IELs, have a T H17-like profile and infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS). Here we show that the gut epithelium of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(35-55)-specific T-cell receptor transgenic mice contains environmental stimuli-induced intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) that inhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis on transfer. The gut environment has been found to significantly influence autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis however, immune cell mechanisms are unclear. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |